Why did the computer break down? Main reasons
What to do if your computer breakdown?
The personal computer today is a full-fledged “home assistant”. It will replace TV and video player, camcorder and telephone. At the same time, it will not only show a film and provide a conversation with a subscriber anywhere in the world, but also save, process and send information anywhere. But it also breaks down.
Can an unprepared person conduct diagnostics before contacting the service? Not only to check, but also to repair the computer yourself, on the shoulder of any user. But what and how to do depends on the situation.
The computer does not turn on ?
The network cable and socket have been checked, the power button on the power supply unit (the rear wall of the system unit) is in the “On” position, and after pressing “Power” the indicators are off, the fans do not rotate, the device does not make a sound.
- The first step is to remove the cord from the outlet and remove the cover of the system unit. In the future, perform all manipulations to disconnect or connect loops and discrete devices only with a de-energized power supply.
- Take a photo of all the connectors in the connected state, so that later, after switching on and off, you do not get confused and do not miss anything.
- Disconnect the power supply connectors: 24-pin and 4-pin motherboard, power supply to disk drives, if available – additional power supply to the video card.
- Inspect for traces of carbon deposits, detached conductors, check the reliability of the contacts in the connector housing.
After connecting the mains, using a metal object (paper clip, tweezers), close the 3rd and 4th pins (usually black and green wires) of the 24-pin connector. Countdown: if you hold the connector with the latch up, the contacts to you will be the 1st on the leftmost in the top row.
If the fan of the power supply unit has turned on, then the control circuit is faulty: the “Power” button is the motherboard, otherwise the power supply unit must be changed.
For further search, install the 24-pin plug in place and find the connector on the motherboard to which the wires are connected from the front panel of the case, remove the 2-pin “Power Sw” connector (usually a white-green twisted pair).
Close the opened contacts of the motherboard with a screwdriver. An indication appeared, and the fans turned on – the “Power” button on the front panel is faulty. Temporarily it can be replaced with the “Reset” button (the connector is signed “Reset Sw” or “Rst Sw”) by connecting instead of “Power Sw”.
If after closing the contacts nothing has changed, the motherboard needs to be repaired, you cannot do without a service engineer.
Then, one by one, connecting the power connectors of the other devices, make sure that they are working properly.
The computer has turned on, there is no image on the monitor
Turn off the power of the monitor and the computer, disconnect the monitor from the computer, and then turn it back on. The appearance of the image (manufacturer’s logo, the inscription “Check the signal”) indicates the serviceability of the monitor.
The power supply unit, central processor, graphics processor of the discrete video card are equipped with an active cooling system. If the fan does not rotate, the radiator is clogged with dust and lubrication and cleaning is essential.
To lubricate the fan, undermine the decorative sticker on the propeller, remove the rubber plug located in the center, drip 1-2 drops of liquid machine oil into the hole (do not use edible vegetable oils). Reassemble in reverse order.
A dry soft brush will help clean the radiator from dust.
If the motherboard has a built-in video card, and a discrete one is used for operation, then switching the monitor from a discrete built-in card will help to restore the image.
If this is not possible, the situation will be saved by temporarily replacing the video card with an old one or rented from friends.
BIOS execution errors
This type of error is indicated by a blinking cursor on a black background in the upper left corner of the screen, freezing while passing BIOS tests, high-pitched beeps from the internal speaker of the system unit. They are usually caused by a voltage drop in the electrical network, a drop in the system unit, and a low battery charge on the motherboard.
The first sign of a depleted battery is resetting the clock after turning off the computer. Replacing it is straightforward.
If the BIOS won’t start or freeze, a factory reset will help. To do this, find a 3-pin “Clear CMOS” connector on the board, 2 contacts of which are closed with a jumper. Move the jumper to the adjacent position for 10 seconds, then put it back in place.
If the BIOS has not started, you will need to rewrite it. The firmware version and the algorithm of actions are given on the website of the motherboard manufacturer.
It is necessary to carefully read, and it is better to write out or photograph the sequence of steps and strictly adhere to it. Any mistake, haste or carelessness will turn the motherboard into a brick.
BIOS started, but the computer will not boot
In this case, the BIOS will notify about the problem with a warning squeak from the built-in speaker or a message on the screen.
A complete explanation of the number and duration of beeps can be found in the motherboard instruction manual.
Sound notification of errors related to RAM. To localize the problem, remove all modules from the slots, clean the contact pads with a school eraser and wipe them with a napkin slightly moistened with alcohol.
Then, by inserting alternately different modules into different slots, select a workable configuration. Replace the identified faulty modules.
Sound warning “keyboard error”. Check keys for accidental pressing or “sticking”. Shake the connection cord where it exits the keyboard: if it is broken, it will bend more easily.
Having photographed the location of the keys, disassemble the keyboard, rinse the contact pads of the keys with alcohol, if necessary – re-solder the cord.
The system disk error is accompanied by the message “Boot disk not found.” After entering the BIOS, make sure that all disks connected to the computer are displayed correctly. If this is not the case by alternate substitution, check the integrity of the cables between the disk and the motherboard.
In the case when the disk appears in the BIOS, and the boot has not started, you should select a third-party boot source (DVD or Flash drive) in the BIOS, boot from it and run the software for checking and restoring the failed disk.
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